Analytes Archive – Page 2 of 5

Salivary Interleukin-13

Human interleukin-13 (IL-13) is secreted by a variety of immune cells as a 15.8 kDa, glycosylated monomeric cytokine involved in a number of biological processes. It stimulates B-cell proliferation, macrophage activation, immunoglobulin production, protein secretion, and phosphorylation of Stat6 protein. IL-13 is a central regulator of IgE synthesis, mucus hypersecretion and a mediator of allergic […]

Salivary Interleukin-12p70

Human interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) activates T cells and natural killer cells that stimulate the production of IFN-γ. It is involved in a number of disorders including periodontitis (1) and chronic toxoplasmosis (2) among others. IL-12p70 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer consisting of IL-12a (p35 subunit) and IL-12b (p40 subunit), mainly produced by macrophages and T lymphocytes and […]

Salivary Interleukin-10

Human interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 is mainly produced by monocytes and some lymphocytes as a 20.5 kDa, glycosylated homodimeric protein. It is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the synthesis of numerous cytokines (including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, TNF-α, TNF-β, and GM-CSF) that suppress Th1 proinflammatory responses involved in promoting phagocytosis. Secretion is at very low levels in […]

Salivary Interleukin-2

IL-2 Human interleukin-2 (IL-2) has several roles in the immune system, immune tolerance and immunity against pathogens, primarily by its direct effects on T lymphocytes. In general, depending on the context, IL-2 can function to initiate or dampen immune responses. IL-2 promotes the differentiation of immature T lymphocytes into regulatory T cells, which help protect […]

Salivary Interferon Gamma

*Available as part of the Salimetrics Cytokine Panel – Not available as an individual test* Human interferon gamma (IFN-γ, IFN-gamma) is mainly produced by lymphocytes as a glycosylated 19.3 kilo Dalton (kDa) cytokine that exists as a non-covalently linked homodimer. In general, IFN-gamma is a central regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses mounted against […]

Oxytocin Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations We recommend placing samples on wet ice immediately and freezing within 1 hour after collection. This analyte is sensitive to freeze-thaw degradation. Sample collection, storage, and handling should be carefully designed to minimize the impact of freeze-thaw cycles. Consider documenting parameters to estimate saliva flow-rate (ie; time [...]

Salivary Oxytocin

Oxytocin (H-Cys(1)-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2), a neurohypophysial peptide hormone, consists of nine amino acids linked with a [1-6] disulfide bond and a semi-flexible carboxyamidated tail. In humans, oxytocin is primarily synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin is released through a positive feedback mechanism where secretion of the hormone stimulates […]

Uric Acid Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool SalivaBio Swabs Special Considerations High consumption of alcohol beverages (particularly beer), fructose and diets high in purine-rich foods can alter Uric Acid levels. Several drugs may alter Uric Acid levels (Moriwaki, 2014) e.g. Antihypercuricemic agents (allopurinol, peglase, febuxostat, rasburicase); Diuretics (loop and thiazide-type); Pyrazinamide and nicotinamide; Lactate; Cyclosporine; Testosterone; [...]

Total Protein Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations Consider documenting parameters to estimate saliva flow-rate (ie; time taken to collect and sample volume). Consistency in collection method is recommended to avoid introducing unsystematic error into your study data. Saliva Collection Protocol Before Sample Collection Avoid foods with high sugar, acidity, or caffeine immediately before sample [...]

TNF-Alpha Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations TNF-Alpha levels in oral fluid are often very low and levels do not correlate with levels in serum in healthy donors. TNF-alpha levels in saliva most often will represent a degree of inflammation in the oral mucosal immune compartment. Antibodies to TNF-alpha are employed in some medications [...]

Testosterone Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool SalivaBio Swabs Special Considerations Testosterone is available in gels and creams to consumers. Exposure to testosterone has the potential to influence levels of this analyte in saliva. Consider documenting parameters to estimate saliva flow-rate (ie; time taken to collect and sample volume). Consistency in collection method is recommended to [...]

SIgA Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool SalivaBio Swabs Special Considerations If collecting with swab devices, it is important to know that concentrations of this analyte may vary depending on the location in the mouth; consistency in swab placement is important. This analyte is sensitive to freeze-thaw degradation. Sample collection, storage, and handling should be carefully [...]

Progesterone Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations Consider documenting use of progesterone containing contraceptives. Progesterone may not be detectable in the saliva of males or females prior to the onset of puberty. Consider recording the menstrual cycle day count or equivalent. This analyte is sensitive to freeze-thaw degradation. Sample collection, storage, and handling should [...]

Melatonin Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations Melatonin can be obtained over the counter as a supplement, and such supplementation should be documented. Melatonin levels in saliva are highly dependent on a diurnal pattern of melatonin production. Levels are low during daylight hours and may not be detectable within hours of daylight onset. Levels [...]

Interleukin-6 Saliva Collection

Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations Studies show that levels of IL-6 in the oral fluid of healthy individuals do not reflect the levels of IL-6 in circulation. Levels of IL-6 in saliva may only represent individual differences in the degree of inflammation in the oral mucosal immune compartment. This analyte is sensitive [...]

Archives: Analytes