The physiological roles of estriol in non-pregnant women are not well understood and are under investigation. With respect to estrogenic activity, estriol is generally though to be less potent than estradiol or estrone. However, it has been pointed out that, with regard to nongenomic signaling pathways and functional responses in the pituitary, estriol is a strong estrogen. (8)
Changes in levels of estriol and the other estrogens that occur due to menopause, pregnancy, and hormone replacement therapy have also been studied extensively for relationships to cancer susceptibility. (9-14) Estriol has also been investigated for its relation to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, since pregnant women show significant reductions in symptoms during the last trimester of pregnancy. (15-19) Estriol has also been examined for its role in bone and lipid metabolism, and its function as a protective neurosteroid. (20,21)
In blood the majority of estriol is bound by serum proteins, with about 14-16 % remaining unbound. (4,22) Unbound estriol enters saliva from blood via intracellular mechanisms, and salivary concentrations closely approximate unbound plasma concentrations. (3,23) There is virtually no protein-bound estriol in saliva. (4) Correlation between serum and saliva samples is highly significant. (24)
Technical Summary
| Analyte Summary | |
|---|---|
| Analyte: | Estriol |
| Aliases: | 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,16α,17β-triol, E3 |
| Serum-Saliva Correlation: | 0.87 |
| Optimum Collection Volume: | 175 μL* |
| Assay Summary | |
|---|---|
| Methodology: | ELISA |
| Sensitivity: | 1 pg/mL |
| Standard Assay Range: | 20 pg/mL - 4860 pg/mL |
| HS Assay Range: | 5 pg/mL - 1215 pg/mL |
| Assay Type: | Quantitative |
Collect Saliva Samples
ESTRIOL SALIVA COLLECTION CONSIDERATIONS
Better results begin with better saliva collection. This collection protocol features general considerations to maximize salivary Estriol analysis. Use this analyte specific collection protocol to plan your collection methodology and sampling schemes.
APPROVED SALIVARY ESTRIOL COLLECTION METHODS
Test Saliva Samples
| Order Code (lab): | 5412 |
| Transport Requirements: | Ship on Dry Ice |
Add DNA Analysis to My Study
Considerations for adding Salivary DNA to analyte Studies:
You can combine salivary analytes with easy, accurate, and affordable genomic testing using Salimetrics SalivaLab and the same sample that you are already collecting – no specialized saliva collection devices or additional samples are required.
Don’t know what SNPs are right for you? The SalivaLab’s DNA team specializes in genetic testing services, we recommend you Request a DNA Consult (gratis) to learn more about common considerations such as # of samples, participant ethnicity, and IRB Approval.
All DNA Services
DNA Extraction and Normalization
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping
VNTR & STR Analysis
References & Salivary Estriol Research
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- Troisi, R., Potischman, N., Roberts, J.M., et al. (2003). Maternal serum oestrogen and androgen concentrations in preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies. Int J Epidemiol, 32(3), 455-60.
- Reis, F.M., D’Antona, D., Petraglia, F. (2002). Predictive value of hormone measurements in maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy. Endocr Rev, 23(2), 230-57.
- Vining, R.F., McGinley, R., Rice, B.V. (1983). Saliva estriol measurements: An alternative to the assay of serum unconjugated estriol in assessing feto-placental function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 56(3), 454-60.
- Kirkish, L.S., Compton, A.A., McCann, D.S. (1986). Salivary estriol as an index to fetal wellbeing. Clin Chem, 32(1 Pt 1), 71-75.
- Heine, R.P., McGregor, J.A., Goodwin, T.M., et al. (2000). Serial salivary estriol to detect an increased risk of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol, 96(4), 490-97.
- Weintrob, N., Drouin, J., Vallette-Kasic, S., et al. (2005). Low estriol levels in the maternal triple-marker screen as a predictor of isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency caused by a new mutation in the TPIT gene. Pediatrics, 117(2), e322-7.
- Canick, J.A., MacRae, A.R. (2005). Second trimester serum markers. Semin Perinatol, 29(4), 203-8.
- Watson, C.S., Jeng, Y.-J., Kochukov, M.Y. (2008). Nongenomic actions of estradiol compared with estrone and estriol in pituitary tumor cell signaling and proliferation. FASEB J, 22(9), 3328-36.
- Jacobson, H.I., Lemanski, N., Agarwal, A., et al. (2010). A proposed unified mechanism for the reduction of human breast cancer risk by the hormones of pregnancy. Cancer Prev Res (Phil Pa), 3(2), 212-20.
- Larfors, G., Lambert, P.C., Lambe, M., et al. (2009). Placental weight and breast cancer survival in young women. Cancer Epid Biomark Prev, 18(3), 777-83.
- Hickey, M., Saunders, C., Partridge, A., et al. (2008). Practical clinical guidelines for assessing and managing menopausal symptoms after breast cancer. Ann Oncol, 19(10), 1669-80.
- Mascarenhas, C., Lambe, M., Bellocco, R., et al. (2006). Use of hormone replacement therapy before and after ovarian cancer diagnosis and ovarian cancer survival. Int J Cancer, 119(12), 2907-15.
- MacMahon, B. (2006). Epidemiology and the causes of breast cancer. Int J Cancer, 118(10), 2373-78.
- Lagiou, P., Samoli, E., Lagiou, A., et al. (2005). Maternal height, pregnancy estriol and birth weight in reference to breast cancer risk in Boston and Shanghai. Int J Cancer, 117(3), 494-98.
- Kassi, E., Moutsatsou, P. (2010). Estrogen receptor signaling and its relationship to cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Biotech, 2010:317452.
- Ding, J., Zhu, B.T. (2007). Unique effect of the pregnancy hormone estriol on antigen-induced production of specific antibodies in female BALB/c mice. Steroids, 73(3), 289-98.
- Rovenský, J. (2006). Rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter’s syndrome: Review. Scripta Med (Brno), 79(4), 237-46.
- Sicotte, N.L., Liva, S.M., Klutch, R., et al. (2002). Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol. Ann Neurol, 52(4), 421-28.
- Soldan, S.S., Alvarez-Retuerto, A.I., Sicotte, N.L., Voskuhl, R.R. (2003). Immune modulation in multiple sclerosis patients treated with the pregnancy hormone estriol. J Immunol, 171(11), 6267-74.
- Kika, G., Izumi, S.-I., Mori, A., et al. (2009). Beneficial aspect of oral estriol as hormone replacement therapy: Consideration on bone and lipid metabolism. Tokai J Exp Clin Med, 34(3), 92-98.
- Drača, S. (2006). Estriol and progesterone: A new role for sex hormones. Int J Biomed Sci, 2(4), 305-7.
- Moutsatsou, V., Oakey, R.E. (1988). Oestriol binding to plasma proteins. J Steroid Biochem, 29(3), 319-23.
- Vining, R.F., McGinley, R.A., Symons, R.G. (1983). Hormones in saliva: Mode of entry and consequent implications for clinical interpretation. Clin Chem, 29(10), 1752-56.
- Evans, J.J., Wilkinson, A.R., Aickin, D.R. (1984). Salivary estriol concentrations during normal pregnancies, and a comparison with plasma estriol. Clin Chem, 30(1), 120-21.